# Cheat sheet & Interview Q&A — Web Accessibility (A11y)

Source: https://www.geekswithgeeks.com/en/accessibility/a11y-cheat-sheet

> Quick reference for the most important accessibility concepts and interview questions.

## Quick checklist

Pre-launch accessibility checklist for quick reference.

```markdown
# Accessibility Pre-Launch Checklist

- [ ] Page has unique, descriptive `<title>`
- [ ] One `<h1>` per page, logical heading hierarchy
- [ ] All images have `alt` text (empty if decorative)
- [ ] All form fields have associated `<label>`
- [ ] Buttons and links have descriptive text
- [ ] Color contrast: text ≥ 4.5:1 (AA)
- [ ] Keyboard navigation works (Tab, Enter, Escape)
- [ ] Focus indicator is visible
- [ ] No keyboard traps
- [ ] Skip link to main content
- [ ] Video has captions and transcript
- [ ] No auto-playing sound
- [ ] ARIA used sparingly and correctly
- [ ] aria-live for dynamic updates
- [ ] Tested with NVDA/VoiceOver
- [ ] Axe DevTools: 0 critical issues
```

## Interview Q&A

**Q: What is A11y?** Numeronym for Accessibility. **Q: WCAG levels?** A (basic), AA (minimum legal), AAA (optimal). **Q: Most common issue?** Missing alt text and form labels. **Q: ARIA first rule?** Use semantic HTML first. **Q: Test SR?** NVDA (free), VoiceOver (Mac), JAWS (paid). **Q: Skip links purpose?** Jump past nav to main content. **Q: Announce updates?** aria-live="polite" or aria-live="assertive". **Q: Keyboard essentials?** Tab/Enter/Escape/Arrow work, focus visible, no traps. **Q: Color not enough?** Pair with text/icons. **Q: Without mouse?** Tab/Enter/Arrow/Escape only.

## Resources

**MDN Web Docs**: accessibility guide. **WCAG 2.1**: official guidelines. **WebAIM**: articles + tools. **The A11Y Project**: community. **axe DevTools**: browser extension. **NVDA**: free screen reader.